Optical splitters are classified by technology, split ratio, packaging, and mode, with prices varying from a few dollars for low-channel FBT splitters to over $100 for high-channel PLC splitters.

Classifications of Optical Splitters

1. By Technology

• PLC (Planar Lightwave Circuit) Splitters: Use integrated waveguide technology on a quartz substrate. They provide uniform light distribution, support high split ratios (up to 1×64 or more), and are suitable for large-scale deployments. Advantages include wavelength insensitivity and compact size, but they are more expensive than FBT splitters, especially for low-channel configurations .
• FBT (Fused Biconic Taper) Splitters: Made by fusing fibers together. They are cost-effective for low-channel splits (1×2, 1×4) but less uniform and sensitive to wavelength variations. FBT splitters are simpler to manufacture and widely used in smaller networks . 2. By Split Ratio
• 1×N Splitters: One input fiber to N output fibers (e.g., 1×2, 1×4, 1×8, 1×16, 1×32, 1×64). Higher split ratios increase insertion loss and reduce signal strength per output .
• M×N Splitters: Multiple input fibers to multiple output fibers, used in more complex network topologies . 3. By Packaging
• Box Type: Common for 2mm or 3mm cables, suitable for indoor installations.
• Stainless Tube Type: Typically for 0.9mm cables, used in outdoor or rugged environments.
• Other PLC Packaging: Bare PLC, steel tube, ABS box, LGX box, fanout, and mini plug-in types . 4. By Mode and Wavelength
• Single-Mode Splitters: Optimized for 1310nm and 1550nm wavelengths.
• Multimode Splitters: Operate at 850nm and 1310nm.
• Single Window vs Dual Window: Single window uses one wavelength; dual window supports two wavelengths .

Prices of Optical Splitters

• FBT Splitters: Typically $5–$20 for low-channel splitters (1×2, 1×4). Prices increase slightly with higher split ratios.
• PLC Splitters: Range from $20–$100+, depending on split ratio and packaging. For example, a 1×32 PLC splitter may cost around $50–$80, while a 1×64 PLC splitter can exceed $100 .
• Market Trends: The global optical splitter market is valued at $2.5 billion in 2026, projected to grow to $5.3 billion by 2035, reflecting increasing demand for high-speed fiber networks .

Summary

Optical splitters are essential for PON and FTTH networks, enabling a single fiber to serve multiple endpoints. PLC splitters are preferred for high-channel, large-scale deployments due to uniformity and wavelength insensitivity, while FBT splitters are cost-effective for small networks. Prices vary by technology, split ratio, and packaging, with PLC splitters generally more expensive than FBT splitters. Choosing the right splitter depends on network size, required split ratio, and budget.