Article Overview
The distribution box hierarchy organizes electrical power flow from medium-voltage sources down to final load points, including RMU, MDB, SDB, and DB levels.
Power Distribution Hierarchy Table
| Equipment | Full Name | Voltage Level | Function / Purpose | Typical Location | Common Applications |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RMU | Ring Main Unit | Medium Voltage (11–33 kV) | Distributes and switches medium voltage; used in ring networks | Near transformer or substation | Utility and industrial setups |
| Transformer | - | Medium to Low Voltage | Steps down MV to LV (e.g., 11kV/33kV → 415V/230V) | After RMU | Commercial and industrial buildings |
| Switchgear | - | MV or LV | General switching and protection (breakers, isolators) | Throughout system | Everywhere in power systems |
| MDB | Main Distribution Board | Low Voltage (415V) | Distributes power to SDBs and DBs; houses main breaker | After transformer | Commercial/large buildings |
| SDB | Sub Distribution Board | Low Voltage (415V) | Intermediate distribution between MDB and DB | Per floor or section | Buildings, warehouses |
| DB | Distribution Board | Low Voltage (230V/415V) | Final circuit distribution to lights, sockets, and equipment | Near load points | Homes, offices, flats |
| Feeder Pillar | - | Low Voltage | Outdoor power distribution point | Between MDB and load | Street lighting, outdoor loads |
| PCC | Power Control Center | Low Voltage | Controls heavy loads like motors | Industrial plants | Factories, large machinery |
| MCC | Motor Control Center | Low Voltage | Controls multiple motors with protection | Near motor-driven systems | Industry, HVAC plants |
Hierarchy Flow (Top to Bottom)
- RMU – Medium voltage switching from utility.
- Transformer – Steps down voltage to usable LV.
- Switchgear – Provides protection and control at various levels.
- MDB – Main LV distribution point for the building.
- SDB – Sub-distribution board for floors or zones.
- DB – Final load distribution to equipment and appliances.
- MCC/PCC/Feeder Pillar – Specific load control or outdoor applications.
Key Notes
- Distribution Boards (DBs) are equipped with MCBs, RCDs, bus bars, and isolators to safely distribute power to final loads and protect circuits from overloads or faults .
- SDBs act as intermediate boards, reducing the load on the MDB and providing localized control per floor or section .
- MDBs serve as the main low-voltage distribution point, often housing the main breaker and meters for monitoring .
- RMUs and switchgear handle medium-voltage switching and protection, ensuring safe and reliable power delivery from the utility to the building . This table and hierarchy provide a clear overview of how electrical power is distributed from high-voltage sources down to individual loads, helping in planning, installation, and maintenance of electrical systems.
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